There is virtually no difference in regard to the creation and minting process of public and private drops. The only difference between the two options is that making a drop "private" will make it undiscoverable on the POAP Drops page. This can be a handy feature if you do not want anyone to know of the drop, or if you'd like to keep it hidden until the day of the drop.
It should be noted that while the drop will not be displayed in the drop list, or searchable, the page will still be public and accessible to anyone via https://app.poap.xyz/admin/events/{DropID} if they know the drop ID.
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Test Drops
Issuers may mint test POAPs to explore platform functionality and claim mechanics, as long as tests are clearly marked as such both in the description and in the artwork, and set as “Private” events to prevent cluttering various parts of the platform.